Lock.



A. GRUDOSKI & S. SZTONNHEWSKY.

' Lock.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 118., 1914.

1,228,109.A Patented May 29,1917.'

lll/111m 9111A: rliqzmllll KNVENTORJ 0. Graf/0J /f/ @L 2 ATTORNEYS LOCK.

Specification (if Letters Patent.

Application med February-1s, 1914. serial No. 819,5 7av To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, ANDRo GRUposKI and STANISLAW SZTONNHEWSKY, vsubject of the Emperor of Austria and subject ofthe Czar of Russia, respectively, residing at Horning,

in the county of Allegheny and State of.

Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locks, of which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to improvements in locks, and pertains more particularly to structures which do notv depend entirely upon the intricacies of the key structure for the effectiveness of the lock against opening. f

The object of the invention is to provide a structure of this type which is simple inconstruction, efficient in operation, and which can be manufactured at a relatively low cost.

To these and other ends, the vnature of which will be readily understood as the invention is hereinafter disclosed, said invention consists in the improved construction and combination of parts hereinafterk fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and more particularlyl pointed out in the appended claims.` l

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference characters indicate similar parts in each of the views,

Figure 1 is a view partly in section and partly in plan of a lock constructed in accordance with this invention, one of the inclosing sections being omitted.

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view taken on n the line {liof Fig. 1, both sections of the lock casing being shown' in reversed position.

Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view of a portion of the key.

As shown in the drawings, the lock casing is formed in two sections indicated at 4 and 5 respectively, these sections inclosing lthe operating parts of the lock. SeC-' tion 4 may be considered as the base section, the 'parts being carried thereby, section 5-being in the nature of a removable cover for inclosing the parts.

Extending between the sections when assembled are a pair of pins 11, these pins being xed in position and adapted to form guides for the member 32, said member havingla slot 33 through which these pins extend. As will be understood from Fig. 1, thesepins act to permit member 32 to move in the direction of its length within fixed limits, the movements being conned to substantially a single plane. The member 32 is provided along one of its faces with a suitable number ofhookedl arms 35, these arms being adapted to engage keepers 13 carriedby av latch plate 12, these keepers being adapted to enter andA project through properly, positioned openings or slots 10 formed inthe laterally extending wall 6 of section 4. v

The keepers V13 andthe hooked arms 35 are complementally formed to permit ready engagement and disengagement therebe-v tween when the latch plate 12 is properly positioned with respect to wall 6, by the guided movement of'member 32 permitted by pins 11, holding engagement being had between the keepers and hooked structure when the member 32 is at one extreme of its movement, these parts being disengaged when said member is at its opposite extreme of movement. Member 32is normally held in position@ to provide such locking action byI a spring 36 carr-ied by section 4 and adapted to operate in connection with an end wall of member 32.

As will be readily understood, this arrangement provides a condition where member 32 is in position to provide locking action if keepers 13 are in complemental position, member 32 being retained in this position by reason of the action of spring 36. To change this condition, the following mechanism is employed.

40 designates an element mounted on a pin 39 carried by member 32, said element 40 being pivotally mounted and projecting laterally from member v32. Said element has a substantially straight face 44 adapted to contact with 4the free end ofa-spring 41, said spring tending to maintainl the'element in a predetermined positiompartial pivotal movements of the element tending 'to change from restraint against such return movement.

Patented May 29, 191 a.

Element 40 has its end opposite face 44 provided with a recess 45 and an extension or linger 46. As shown more particularly in Fig. 1, the recess'45 is located lat one side of a plane extending-at right angles to the direction of length of member 32 and` passing 'through pin 39 in the direction ofV pm axis.

22 indicates a member between the sections 4 and 5 and adapted to receive the forward end of a key 29, the key having a bit 28, the key being insertible through the key-hole 31 in section 5, said key-hole, for purposes presently referred to, being located at a predetermined position, the position being such, however, that the key must be moved rotatively to' bring the bit 28 into contact with element 40. Assuming the dotted line representation of bit 28 in Fig. 1 to be such entering positionv.pivotal movement of the key counter-clockwise will place the parts in position to move member 32 to its unlocking position.

Such counter clockwise movement will bring bit 28 into contact with a lower face of element 40; since movement of member 32 in the direction which such counter-clockwise movement of the bit would provide is prevented by one of the pins 11, such contact of bit and element 40 will cause member 40 to move on its pivot until the bit and element reach a point where this contacting face of element 40 passes out of contact with bit 28. During this movement, the normal relation between spring 41 and face 44 is changed, so that when this pass-by relation is had between the bit and element 4G, spring 41 will act to move element 40 to return it to its normal position, this movement continuing until finger 46 contacts with bit 28, finger 46 projecting outwardly a distance suflicient to provide such contact when the remainder of element 40 passes out of contact with the bit. If, when this point is reached, the counterclockwise movement of the key be continued, element 40 will again be moved on the pivot until the bit passes out of contact with the finger, an operation which is ineffective to provide any movement to member 32. If,V

however, the direction ofmovement of the key is changed to clockwise, when contact with bit and finger 46 takes place a radically different effect is produced, bit 28 entering in and contacting with the walls of recess 45, thereby attempting to return element 40 to itsnOrmalpOSit-ion by movement Y of the bit. However, the bottom of recess 45 is so located and the bit 28 has such length .that when this return movement is f tance between pin 39 and the key axis, the

toggle cannot be straightened without breakage of parts except as relief may be provided by movement of one of 'the parts. In the structure shown, this relief is had through the ability of pin 39 to move in the direction of length of the lock, this pin being connected to member 32, and member 32 being free to move in this direction of relief, such movement of member 32 being against the tension of spring 36. As the pins 11 act to guide member 32 in a straight line, and since such straight line movement carries pin 39 in a similar direction, while the outer end of bit 28 traverses the arc of a circle, it will be readily understood that if this movement of the member 32 be continued a distance sufficient to permit this toggle to be straightened through increasing the distance between pin 39 and the axis of the'key, a point will be reached where the point of the bit passes to the opposite side of the plane intersecting pin 39 and 'the key axis, whereupon, element 40 is rendered free to move pivotally in the opposite direction and thus free bit 28 from restraint.

`When this latter action is had, spring 3G returns the member 32 to normal position.

The length of movement necessary to permit the straightening of the toggle in the manner indicated is sui'icient to carry member 32 a distance which will free the hooked structures 35 from engagement with the keepers, thus unlocking the lock, the hooked structures then returning to locking position through the return movement of member 32 under the action of spring 36.

@n the contrary, if the key be initially moved clockwise, the bit 28 will simply contact with the opposite surface of element 40 and move the latter pivotally until the end cr point of the bit passes by the point of fingerr46, whereupon, spring 41 will return element 40 to its normal position, there being no possibility of the formation of an engagement between the element and the bit 28 which would be suficient to counteract the pressure provided by spring 36 to retain the member 32 in its locking position.

From the above, it will be understood that the element 40 serves as a toggle oint member free to move pivotally under the action of the key in a continuous direction, but becoming effective as such member when the key bit is brought into a predetermined re- "lation to the element and then have `its direction of movement reversed. Furthermore, this toggle joint element 40 does'not in itself provide any indication when the predetermined relationship between the key bit and theelement is had. For instance, should reversal in the direction of movement of the key bit take place before element 40 has'moved a distance sufficient to bring the end of the key bit into recess 45, this formation of the toggle joint will not be had and no movement of member 32 would be produced. Similarly, if the'initial movement of key bit 28 should carry it beyond the end of linger 46, a reversal in the direction of movement will be ineffective to move member 32. Consequently, the element 40 and the bit 28 of the key form two toggle joint members adapted to be brought into joint relation by movements of the key a predetermined distfance followed by a reversal in direction of movement of the key. In ,other words, these members establish the toggle joint effect solely upon the completion of a predetermined cycle of manipulations of the joint members.

As a result, the difliculty of maliciously opening the lock is greatly increased, there being no mechanism by which any tell-tale effect would serve as a clue to enable an unauthorized person to readily provide the manipulation.

In the drawings we have vshown the key as provided with a central opening 30 adapted to receive pin 27, thus aiding in properly positioning the key within member 22.

As will be readily understood, the particular formation of the outer end of the member 4:0 will control, to a great extent, the particular point where reverse movement of bit 28 should be had, such configuration controlling the length of pivotal movement ofV element 40 under the initial action of the bit 28 Vbefore the toggle joint effect is pro- ]cluced by the reversalV in movement of the We we claim is f f l. In lock structures, a member carrying keeper-engaging means, a removable key, and an element carried by said member and projecting into the path of movement of the key, said element having a pair of spaced projections differing in length and normally positioned in the path of travel of the key and either of which is brought into Contact with the key dependent on the direction of key travel, contactv with one of the projections permitting the element to be movable under key Ymanipulation to provide a toggle joint relation between the key and element during a predetermined period in the movement of the key, the completion of the toggle joint providing a member-moving means eifective to move the engaging means to disengaging position.

2. In lock structures, a member carrying keeper-engaging means, aV removable key, and an element pivotally carried by said member and projecting intol the path of movement of the key, said element having a pair of projections differing in length and an intermediate recess, said projections normally lying in the path of travel of the key, projection and key contact being limited to a single projection dependent upon the direction of key travel, with the recess accessible to the key solely when said element has been moved pivotally in one direction, said element and the key having a toggle joint producing relation when the Vkey extends into said recess, said relation being completed solely by combined movement of the key and element in the reverse direction and being limited to a predetermined period in the length of key travel in such direction. j

3. In lock structures, a member carrying keeper-engaging means, a removable key, an element pivotally carried by the member and extending into the travel path of the key, said element having a finger and a projection differing in length and with an intermediate recess', said finger and projection being normally positioned to provide contact with either by the key during its travel, the selection of contact being dependent on the direction of travel, with the recess accessible to the key only when the element is moved in one direction by contact of key and projection, and means for moving the element to normal position and retaining it in such position when the element is free from key restraint, said element and' key being adapted to produce. a toggle joint relation therebetween when the key extends into said recess, said linger. acting to prevent movement of the element to normal position while the key extends into said recess, movements of the key-and ele- 'mentjin toggle relation removing the key from such recess at the end 'of a predetermined period.

4. In a lock structure, a member carrying keeper-engaging means, means for limiting movements of said member to and from a normal position in a single lineal plane, means for normally maintaining said member in its normal position, `a pivoted element carried by said member and having a normal position, a spring coperating with said element to maintain it in such ,normal position and return it thereto when moved out of such position, said element having a recess adapted to receive the ward of a key when in predetermined position, a removable key having a ward adapted to coperate with said recess, said element and said key being normally located to permit ward and recess engagement at a predetermined point in travel of key and element, yIn testimony whereof', We affix our signasaid engagement providing a toggle joint tures in presence of tWo Witnesses. relation between the key and element when ANDRO GRUDOSKI.

movement of the kev is reversed, movement STANISLAW SZTONNHEWSKY. of the member under suoli toggle relation Witnesses:

tending to move the element to toggle SEMUL FREEDMAN,

breaking position. TONY SERONKI.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner-of Patents, Va'shngton, D. C. 

